Article Abstract

Volume 35, No. (2), 2025 (April)
EFFECT OF FEEDING UREA ON DIGESTIBILITY, BEHAVIOUR, PLASMA UREA NITROGEN, AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF WEANED HOLSTEIN DAIRY CALVES
Rafay Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Tariq Javed, Arooj Fatima, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, Saima Naveed, Muhammad Naveed-Ul-Haque, Khalid Abdul Majeed, Muhammad Ahmad, Nisar Ahmad, Ghazanfar Ali Chishti

R. A. Khan¹, M. T. Javed², A. Fatima³, M. Z. Iqbal⁴, S. Naveed⁵, M. Naveed-Ul-Haque⁶, K. A. Majeed⁷, M. Ahmad⁸, N. Ahmad⁹, G. A. Chishti¹⁰*

¹ Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki, Pakistan,
² Livestock and dairy development department Punjab, Pakistan (L&DD),
³ Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan,
⁴ Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore,Pakistan,
⁵ Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki,Pakistan,
⁶ Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki,Pakistan,
⁷ Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan,
⁸ Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan,
⁹ Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki, Pakistan,
¹⁰ Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki,Pakistan,

Corresponding Author: ghazanfar.ali@uvas.edu.pk
Page Number(s): 561-567
Published Online First: March 29, 2025
Publication Date: April 28, 2025
ABSTRACT

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of urea addition in the diet of recently weaned dairy calves on their digestibility, behaviour, plasma urea nitrogen and growth performance. Sixteen (female=10, average body weight=63.01 kg; male=6, average body weight=66.47kg), 8-week-old Holstein-Friesian weaned calves were randomly assigned to treatment groups A and B (n=8/trt). The calves in group A served as control and in group B, they were fed a diet of 0.5% urea inclusion from 9-12 weeks of age and 1.0% urea from 13-16 weeks of age. All calves were housed and fed individually in cages. Feed intake and behavioural observationswere recorded daily. Body measurements like heart girth, wither height, hip width, and hip height were measured at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected at 10, 12, and 14 weeks of age to measure Plasma Urea Nitrogen (PUN). All calves were weighed weekly to determine the average daily gain.The study found no negative effect of urea inclusion on calves' average daily gain, routine behavioral parameters, and growth performance. Similarly, urea inclusion did not negatively affect body weight, dry matter intake, or feed efficiency. However, it increased dry matter intake (DMI) digestibility in weaned dairy calves by 10.4%. The digestibility of non-fiber carbohydrates was 3.5% greater in calves fed urea-included diets. This study provides evidence that urea can be added to the ration of weaned dairy calves from the 8th week of age.

Keywords: Digestibility, Growth, Urea, Calves

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Journal Impact Factor: 0.5 | (JCR Year: 2025) | Cite Score: 1.3

HEC Category: W

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Print ISSN: 1018-7081

Electronic ISSN: 2309-8694

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