AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF ASTAXANTHIN ON ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
A. Uyar*1, H. T. Akkoyun2, A. Ş. Bengu3, M. B. Akkoyun4, Ö. F. Keleş5, T. Atçali6, Ş. Melek7 and T. Yaman5
1* Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Hatay, Turkey
2 Siirt University, Faculty of VeterinaryMedicine, Department of Physiology, Siirt, Turkey
3Bingöl University, Department of Medical Services and Technics, Vocational School of Health Services, Bingöl, Turkey
4 Siirt University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Siirt, Turkey
5Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Van, Turkey
6 Bingöl University, Faculty of VeterinaryMedicine, Department of Physiology, Bingöl, Turkey
7Bingol Universıty, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, Bingöl, Turkey
*Corresponding author’s email: uyarahmet@hotmail.com.
ABSTRACT
This experimental study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of astaxanthin (AST) on the prevention of skeletal muscle injury resulting from lower extremity ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Twenty-eight (250-300g) male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups as Control, I/R, I/R+AST and AST. In the control group, only anesthesia was induced for 2 h without I/R. In the I/R group, 2 h of reperfusion was facilitated following ischemia under anesthesia. For the I/R+AST group, 7 days prior to ischemia, 125 mg/kg AST was given through a gavage, and 2 h of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion were facilitated under anesthesia. At the end of the study, blood and gastrocnemius muscle tissue samples were taken for biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Compared to the control group, there were increased Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and Catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in the I/R group (p˂0.001). Degeneration, necrosis, inflammation, loss of striation, interfibrillar and interfascicular edema were seen in the histopathological examination of the skeletal muscles in the I/R group. These histopathological findings were minimal in the I/R+AST group. In the immunohistochemical examination of muscle tissue with the GPx1 primary antibody, a mild degree of GPx1 reactivity was observed in the I/R group, and a moderate degree of GPx1 reactivity was seen in the I/R+AST group.
As a result, the strong ameliorative effect of AST on ischemia-reperfusion injury and its complications on skeletal muscles was demonstrated by biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations.
Keywords:Ischemia-reperfusion, Muscle, Astaxanthin, MDA, SOD, CAT, Histopathology |