TOXICITY, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND GENO-TOXICITY: LETHAL AND SUB-LETHAL EFFECTS OF THREE DIFFERENT INSECTICIDES MIXTURES ON CIRRHINA MRIGALA

H. Naz^1*, S. Abdullah², T. Ahmed^3*, K. Abbas², M. U. Ijaz², S. Kumar¹ and M. A. Hassan⁴

¹Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

²Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

³Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan

⁴Department of Parasitology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Corresponding Author’s Email: dr.humanaz98@gmail.com, humanaz@cuvas.edu.pk, tanvirahmeduaf@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

In this study, 96 h LC₅₀ and lethal values of three different mixtures of insecticides viz. endosulfan (E), chlorpyrfos (C) and bifenthrine (B) for Cirrhina mrigala were calculated by using Probit Analysis. The activities of enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in organs and genotoxic parameters (DNA damage and micronuclei) in blood of fish exposed to acute and sub-lethal dose (1/3^rd LC₅₀) were also assessed. Analysis of Variance under completely randomized design (CRD) was applied to check the differences among organs for enzymes activities. The genotoxic data was compared by applying the non-parametric Mann-whitney U-test. Toxicity results showed that fish had higher tolerance limit against B+C mixture followed by B+E and C+E mixture. During both acute and chronic exposure activities of SOD, POx and GST significantly (P<0.05) increased in organs of stressed fish. The CAT activity showed some different trend it was increased in gills, liver and kidney of fish exposed to insecticides mixtures while it was decreased in brain, muscle and heart of fish. In both acute and chronic trails all the insecticides mixture induced significant damaged to DNA, MN and NAs in RBCs of C. mrigala. Maximum induction was observed due to C+E mixture of insecticides. During acute trail, NAs followed the order: DEN>BIN>MN>BN>DN>NN while in chronic order was as MN>DEN>BIN>BN>NN>DN. Duration dependent response showed that DNA damage, MN and NAs were increased with exposure period while in chronic exposure damage increased during first 30 days afterthat these were decreased.

Keywords: Fish, Toxicants, Enzymes, DNA damage, Organs