PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF COCCULUS PENDULUS Diels.
STEM AND ROOT
M. Nafees1*, S. Ullah1, Barkatullah2, A. Javaid1 and Shumaila1
1Department
of Botany, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan; 2Department of Botany,
Islamia College University, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author’s
E-mail: nafeesbotanist1990@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Cocculus
pendulus Diels. belongs to family Menispermaceae locally known as “Parwatti” is a part of medicines
against jaundice, yellow fever, leprosy, syphilis and as an aphrodisiac. To authenticate
the C. pendulus from adulterations, in the present study the stem
and root has been evaluated for different pharmacognostic studies. Morphologically
the plant is dioecious, woody climber (Liana)
and about 4-8m tall.
The macroscopic study showed that stem is cylindrical in shape, characteristic odor,
acceptable taste and brittle fracture while the root is irregular in shape with
characteristic odor and bitter taste. Histologically both plant parts showed typical
dicot anatomy. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of proteins, carbohydrates,
alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, glycosides and phenolic compounds
in both plant parts. Quantitatively highest amount of sterols 85.32±2.42mg/g followed
by alkaloids 30.45±0.32mg/g in root while stem with 71.43±1.24mg/g amount of sterols
and 21.47±0.54mg/g alkaloids has been recorded. Fluorescence analysis showed diverse
colors by treating with different reagents at ordinary and UV light. Powdered drug
study and percent extractive values determination were also carried out. Pharmacognostic
studies will be helpful in the standardization and authentication of the species from adulteration
as the above studies has been carried out for the first time for the said plant.
Key
words: Cocculus pendulus, fluorescence analysis, pharmacognosy, phytochemical
screening. |