RT Journal
T1 POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC ROLE OF ROBINETIN AGAINST PARAQUAT-INSTIGATED HEPATIC TOXICITY VIA REGULATING NRF-2/KEAP-1, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION
A1 Naila Ghafoor
A1 Muhammad Zaid Salar
A1 Asma Ashraf
A1 Muhammad Faisal Hayat
A1 Moazama Batool
A1 Hamida Hamdi
JF Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
JO JAPS
SN 1018-7081
VO 36
IS 3
SP 669
OP 679
YR 2026
FD 2026/05/05
DO DOI https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2026.3.0055
AB <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 0in 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Paraquat (PQ) is an extensively used herbicide throughout the world, which is extremely harmful to living organisms. Robinetin (ROB) is a naturally occurring flavonoid with reported pharmacological potential. The current research was focused on identifying the hepato-protective potential of ROB against PQ-intoxicated liver damage in rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups following a completely randomized design (CRD); control, PQ (5 mgkg<sup>-1</sup>) group, <span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white;">PQ </span>(5 mgkg<sup>-1</sup>) + ROB (30 mgkg<sup>-1</sup>) group and only <span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white;">ROB </span>(30 mgkg<sup>-1</sup>) supplemented group.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The results of the current trial demonstrated that PQ exposure reduced the expressions of <em>NRF-2</em> and antioxidant enzymes while elevating the expressions of <em>KEAP-1</em>.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Additionally, PQ exposure decreased the enzymatic activities of glutathione reductase (GSR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as glutathione (GSH) content while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which indicated oxidative stress (OS) in the PQ administered group. Furthermore, PQ exposure increased the levels of liver serum enzyme i.e., AST, ALP and ALT. Moreover, PQ administration increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including NF-&kappa;B, TNF-&alpha;, COX-2, IL-1&beta;, and IL-6. Besides,&nbsp;<em>CASPASE-3</em> and <em>BAX</em> (pro-apoptotic markers) expressions were augmented while <em>BCL-2</em> (anti-apoptotic marker) expressions were reduced due to PQ exposure. Furthermore, PQ treatment led to multiple histopathological damages in the hepatic tissues. However, ROB supplementation markedly restored the abovementioned alterations due to its anti-apoptotic, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potentials.</span></p>
K1 Paraquat, Robinetin, Oxidative stress, Hepatic damages, Antioxidant, Reactive Oxygen Species
PB Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum
LK https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2025-JAPS-424