RNAi in Agriculture: Recent advances and applications in plant protection - N. D. Zatale; V. P. Kharbadkar; R. S. Chandurkar; Prajakta. V. Shelke; Priya. C. Atram; V. P. Shinde (Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2026)
RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the emerging innovative techniques in modern agriculture. It is a natural biological process that silences essential genes in harmful insects and microbes. This occurs through the degradation of target mRNA by complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The process ultimately leads to the death of the target organisms, thereby reducing infestation. Furthermore, the cell-free technique proposed by GreenLight Biosciences enhances field applicability by significantly reducing the cost of dsRNA production. In addition, multiple strategies for delivery of dsRNA, such as foliar spraying, trunk injection, irrigation, nanotechnology-mediated systems, and bacteria-mediated transfer, have enhanced the feasibility of RNAi for field-level applications. MON87411 and SmartStax Pro are among the first RNAi mediated maize varieties for insect resistance against Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and tolerance to herbicides like Glufosinate, Glyphosate and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid whereas Calantha is a first sprayable dsRNA-based bio-pesticide approved by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) against Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) on potatoes in USA. Thus, RNAi represents a sustainable and environmentally safe approach for pest and disease management. However, a key challenge lies in creating awareness among farmers and regulatory acceptance of RNAi technology.
Keywords: journal article; RNA interference; Plant protection; Bio-pesticide; insect resistance and herbicide tolerance