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      <ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type>
      <contributors>
        <authors>
          <author>T. L. de Sena2</author>
          <author>S. C. Bastos-Leite</author>
          <author>A. M. de Vasconcelos</author>
          <author>C. de C. Goulart</author>
          <author>M. R. S. de Farias</author>
          <author>J. de S.Maranguape</author>
        </authors>
      </contributors>
      <titles>
        <title>PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND THERMAL COMFORT INDICES OF LAYERS FED VEGETABLE GLYCERIN</title>
        <secondary-title>Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences</secondary-title>
        <alt-title>JAPS</alt-title>
      </titles>
      <dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>2019/02/01</date></pub-dates></dates>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <number>1</number>
      <pages>33-40</pages>
      <isbn>1018-7081</isbn>
      <electronic-resource-num>N/A</electronic-resource-num>
      <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological parameters and thermal comfort indices of commercial layers&lt;br&gt;fed diets containing different levels of vegetable glycerin. A total of 378 Hy-Line White layers at 32 weeks of age were&lt;br&gt;housed in a shed at nine birds per cage. The experiment lasted 84 days. Treatments consisted of a control diet (without&lt;br&gt;glycerin) plus five diets with increasing levels of vegetable glycerin (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15%). The black globe humidity&lt;br&gt;index (BGHI) and radiant heat load (RHL) were out of the thermal comfort zone and were higher in the afternoon period&lt;br&gt;in all production cycles. Respiratory frequency was lower in the morning, when 3% glycerin were added to the diet. The&lt;br&gt;surface temperatures of comb, wattle, back, wings, head, and feet did not differ with the glycerin levels and were higher&lt;br&gt;in the 2nd cycle, but within the range recommended for the species. Glycerin inclusion levels of up to 12% can be used&lt;br&gt;to partially replace corn in diets for layers housed in sheds covered with ceramic tiles without compromising their&lt;br&gt;thermoregulation in a hot environment.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
      <keywords><keyword>Alternative Feeds. Homeothermy. Poultry Farming. Thermal Environment.</keyword></keywords>
      <publisher>Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum</publisher>
      <urls><related-urls><url>https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=AS-17-0200</url></related-urls></urls>
    </record>
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