17 H. M. Nguyen V. S. Nguyen V. N. Le T. T. H. Huynh T. H. Do Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences JAPS 20222022/10/05 32 5 1331-1346 1018-7081 https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2022.5.0540 <p><em>Abies delavayi&nbsp;</em>subsp.<em>&nbsp;fansipanensis</em>&nbsp;is classified as a highly endangered plant in the Vietnam Red Data Book (2007) and a critically endangered species in IUCN red list (2012). This species distributed at the altitudes of 2600-2680 m and 2750-2950 m above sea level (a.s.l) on Fansipan-mountain, Lao Cai province, Vietnam. However, to date there is still a lack of information on the bio-ecological and genetics characteristics of&nbsp;<em>Abies delavayi</em>&nbsp;subsp.&nbsp;<em>fansipanensis&nbsp;</em>indifferent altitudinal conditions<em>,&nbsp;</em>which helps to conserve and promote this precious genetic resource in Vietnam. In this study, climate conditions, soil property, vegetation and genetic structure of two populations of&nbsp;<em>Abies delavayi&nbsp;</em>subsp.<em>&nbsp;fansipanensis</em>&nbsp;distributed in two altitudinal belts on Fansipan-mountain were investigated. The research results have shown that&nbsp;<em>Abies delavayi&nbsp;</em>subsp.<em>&nbsp;fansipanensis&nbsp;</em>is distributed in the ecological conditions including temperature: 1.6-29.3^&deg;C, rainfall: 26.8-500 mm, humidity: 65%-95%, sunshine: 90-130 h sunshine, pH: 4-5, and the total organic carbon value 34-73%. The importance value index (IVI) and the correlation coefficient of the relationship of tree height and diameter at breast height values of&nbsp;<em>Abies delavayi&nbsp;</em>subsp.<em>&nbsp;fansipanensis</em>&nbsp;distributed in the altitudes of 2600-2680 m a.s.l. were 4.72% and 0.2749, while those of this species in the altitudes of 2750-2950 m a.s.l. were 42.24% and 0.6824, respectively. The DNA analysisof&nbsp;<em>Abies delavayi&nbsp;</em>subsp.<em>&nbsp;fansipanensis&nbsp;</em>also indicated that the genome of individuals in the higher altitude is more diverse than those lived in the lower altitude. This is the first study of the bio-ecological and genetic structure characteristics of&nbsp;<em>Abies delavayi&nbsp;</em>subsp.<em>&nbsp;fansipanensis</em> distributed on Fansipan-mountain. The study provides valuable data for proposing solutions to conserve and promote this rare genetic resource for Vietnam as well as for the world.</p> Abies delavayi subsp. fansipanensis, altitudinal conditions, bio-ecological characteristics, Fansipan-mountain, genetic characteristics Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=AG-21-0260