MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENTS REGIMES IMPACT GROWTH DYNAMICS OF Lilium L. LA HYBRID BULBLETS

Iqra Summan Iftikhar Ahmad Muhammad Usman Irfan Afzal MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENTS REGIMES IMPACT GROWTH DYNAMICS OF Lilium L. LA HYBRID BULBLETS

Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences

JAPS

2026

36 4 1018-7081

https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2026.4.0084

<a name="_Hlk138375813"></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Lilium, a member of family Liliaceae, is among top ten highly demanded geophytic cut flowers in global markets; and during recent years, its demand has increased several folds in local markets as well. However, quality bulb production of lilium in different regions of the world is a major limiting factor and<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> nutrients for best quality bulb production needs to be optimized.<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various macro and micronutrients on bulblet growth and bulb development of Lilium L. LA hybrid cv. ‘Indian Summerset’. <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: GaramondPremrPro; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Treatments included<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">no additional nutrient application (control), nitrogen (N) (123.5 kg ha-1), phosphorous (P) (148.2 kg ha-1), potassium (K) (148.2 kg ha-1), nitrogen + phosphorous (NP) (123.5:148.2 kg ha-1), nitrogen + potassium (NK) (123.5:148.2 kg ha-1), phosphorous + potassium (PK) (148.2:148.2 kg ha-1), nitrogen + phosphorous + potassium (NPK) (123.5:148.2:148.2 kg ha-1), nitrogen + phosphorous + potassium + secondary elements (NPK + SE) (CaSO4 (Ca) @ 61.75 kg ha-1, MgSO4 (Mg) @ 1.23 kg ha-1, and Sulphur (S) @ 2.5 kg ha-1), nitrogen + phosphorous + potassium + <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">micronutrients (NPK+ Micro) (ZnSO4 (Zn) @ 12.35 kg ha-1, FeSO4 (Fe) @ 2% solution and boric acid (B) @ 2% solution) and nitrogen + phosphorous + potassium + secondary nutrients + micronutrients (NPK + SE + Micro).<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> All treatments were replicated three times with 20 bulblets in each replicate, which were laid out in a randomized complete block design.<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Application of various nutrients exhibited <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">statistically significant differences regarding various growth and development attributes.<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> Plants supplemented with NPK + SE + Micro produced statistically improved weight <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(34.4 g) <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">and diameter <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(36.4 mm) <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">of bulblets. <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Plants supplemented with NPK + SE + Micro exhibited <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">significantly<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> higher photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and sub stomatal CO2. Highest leaf SPAD values, greatest leaf N, Mg and S contents were recorded in plants treated with NPK + S.E. Highest leaf P, K,<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Ca and Zn contents were recorded in plants supplemented with NPK + SE + Micro. Plants fertilized with NPK + Micro produced greatest leaf area and Fe contents.<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> Plants deficit in nutrients exhibited poor growth and bulb development<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">. It is concluded that <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">exogenous<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> application of NPK+ SE + Micro produced superior quality Lilium LA hybrid ‘Indian Summerset’ bulbs compared to other nutrient regimes. Growers and bulb producers may use NPK + SE + Micro in combined form for commercial cultivation and bulb production of Lilium LA hybrid. Bulb production, cut flowers, geophytes, primary nutrients, secondary elements, micronutrients. Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum

https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2025-JAPS-918