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      <ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type>
      <contributors>
        <authors>
          <author>NECMETTIN CEYLAN</author>
          <author>SAIT KOCA</author>
          <author>ISMAIL YAVAS</author>
          <author>ALI ANIL ÇENESIZ</author>
        </authors>
      </contributors>
      <titles>
        <title>EFFECTS OF LOWER DIETARY CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS THAN RECOMMENDED ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND BONE MINERALIZATION OF BROILERS</title>
        <secondary-title>Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences</secondary-title>
        <alt-title>JAPS</alt-title>
      </titles>
      <dates><year>2023</year><pub-dates><date>2023/06/18</date></pub-dates></dates>
      <volume>33</volume>
      <number>3</number>
      <pages>534-543</pages>
      <isbn>1018-7081</isbn>
      <electronic-resource-num>https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2023.3.0646</electronic-resource-num>
      <abstract>&lt;p&gt;This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of reduced dietary calcium (Ca) and non-phytate-phosphorus (NPP) levels at 2:1 constant ratio on performance, carcase parameters and bone mineralization of Ross-308 broilers. A total of 11400 one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with twelve replicates and were fed starter diets including either recommended (0.96 and 0.48 % Ca and NPP respectively-control treatment, T1) or a 6.25% lower level of both Ca and NPP according to breeder&amp;rsquo;s recommendations during starter period (SP). After SP, T1 continued to be provided through diets containing 0.87 and 0.78 % Ca for grower (GP) and finisher periods (FP), respectively, while 6.25 % reduced group was divided into 4 dietary treatments regarding extent of decrease in Ca and NPP levels and provided by diets containing 0.79;0.65 (T2), 0.79;0.60 (T3), 0.75;0.65 (T4), and 0.75;0.60 (T5) % Ca for GP and FP, respectively. After SP, moderate and even substantial reduction of Ca and NPP significantly decreased feed intake (FI) (quadratic, P&amp;lt;0.05), but obtained similar body weight gain (BWG) and FCR compared to the control (P&amp;gt;0.05). On the other hand, reduced dietary Ca through T1 to T5 significantly decreased the total Ca and NPP intake of broilers (linear and quadratic, P&amp;lt;0.01), and accompanied to significant linear and quadratic relationship between Ca intake and FCR and BWG respectively. It can be concluded that reducing Ca level down to 0.75 and 0.60 % in GP and FP, respectively are possible without compromising the growth performance and bone mineralization of modern broilers.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
      <keywords><keyword>broiler; bone mineralization; calcium and phosphorus levels; performance</keyword></keywords>
      <publisher>Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum</publisher>
      <urls><related-urls><url>https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2022-JAPS-419</url></related-urls></urls>
    </record>
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