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      <ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type>
      <contributors>
        <authors>
          <author>M. N. Abbas</author>
          <author>S. A. Rana</author>
          <author>M. Mahmood-ul-Hassan</author>
          <author>N. Rana</author>
          <author>S. Kausar</author>
          <author>M. Iqbal</author>
        </authors>
      </contributors>
      <titles>
        <title>BIODIVERSITYAND DYNAMICS OF MACRO-INVERTBRATE POPULATIONS IN WHEAT-WEEDS AGRO-ECOSYSTEM OF PUNJAB (PAKISTAN)</title>
        <secondary-title>Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences</secondary-title>
        <alt-title>JAPS</alt-title>
      </titles>
      <dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014/08/01</date></pub-dates></dates>
      <volume>24</volume>
      <number>4</number>
      <pages>1146-1156</pages>
      <isbn>1018-7081</isbn>
      <electronic-resource-num>NA</electronic-resource-num>
      <abstract>&lt;p&gt;This study documented diversity and dynamics of foliage macro-invertebrates sampled from edges and centers of wheat- weeds agro-ecosystem of district Faisalabad (30&amp;deg; 31.5 N and 73&amp;deg; 74 E; 184.41 m l). A total of 4,228 foliage of macro-invertebrates belonging to phylum Arthropoda (92.41%) and Mollusca (7.59%) were recorded. Diptera (27.65%), Hemiptera (27.58%), Coleoptera (18.21%) and Hymenoptera (7.36%) were dominant while Orthoptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera and Araneae collectively formed (11.62%) arthropods. Mollusca constituted only of pulmonate gastropods (7.59%). The overall diversity was (H&amp;prime; = 3.36), that varied seasonally at statistically significantly level. Maximum diversity was recorded in autumn (H&amp;prime; = 3.57), that was followed by spring (H&amp;prime; = 3.23) and winter (H&amp;prime; = 3.09). In contrary to the general findings, Diversity of macro-invertebrate populations in the center (Hˈ= 3.363) was significantly higher than the edges (Hˈ= 3.299) of the fields (&lt;em&gt;p&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;= &amp;lt;0.001).Moreover the richness (S= 58), diversity (H&amp;acute;= 3.23) and evenness (E= 0.79) was recorded higher on wheatcompared to the richness (S= 61), diversity (H&amp;acute;= 3.16) and evenness (E = 0.77) on weeds in wheat-weeds agro-ecosystem.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
      <keywords><keyword>Arthropods, Flora, faunal population, Mixed crop zone, Ecology, population interaction</keyword></keywords>
      <publisher>Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum</publisher>
      <urls><related-urls><url>https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2014-JAPS-165</url></related-urls></urls>
    </record>
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