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      <ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type>
      <contributors>
        <authors>
          <author>Q. Akram</author>
          <author>K. Muhammad</author>
          <author>M. Rabbani</author>
          <author>J. Nazir</author>
          <author>M. Nawaz</author>
          <author>K. Hanif</author>
          <author>Z. Shakoor</author>
        </authors>
      </contributors>
      <titles>
        <title>AUGMENTATION OF BIOLOGICAL TITER OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS IN IN VITRO CULTURE</title>
        <secondary-title>Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences</secondary-title>
        <alt-title>JAPS</alt-title>
      </titles>
      <dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>2013/06/01</date></pub-dates></dates>
      <volume>23</volume>
      <number>3</number>
      <pages>771-774</pages>
      <isbn>1018-7081</isbn>
      <electronic-resource-num>NA</electronic-resource-num>
      <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus grew well on BHK-21 cell line. The virus showed poor tissue culture infective dose 50 (TCID50) that was log 103.2&amp;plusmn;0.2 in BHK-21 cell line having Glasgow Minimal Essential Medium (GMEM) without Fetal Calf Serum (FCS). Addition of one per cent FCS in the medium @ one percent increased log 107.1&amp;plusmn;0.2 units of virus TCID50. Incubation temperature of 350 C and 370 C supported the multiplication and maintenance of BHK-21 cells and yielded log106.6&amp;plusmn;0.1 and log107.0&amp;plusmn;0.2units of virus TCID50, respectively. Each serotype of FMD virus showed log106.29&amp;plusmn;0.07 units of virus TCID50 in the stationary monolayer of BHK-21 cells in roux flask (75cm 2), log107.66&amp;plusmn; 0.02 units of virus TCID50 in roller bottles (490cm2) and log108.34 &amp;plusmn; 0.07 units of virus TCID50 on 0.2 g of micro-carriers suspending in 200 ml of the growth medium in stirring bottle. The infectivity titer/TCID50 of each of the virus serotypes was significantly higher in roller bottles than that achieved in roux flasks (p&amp;lt;0.05) and was significantly higher in stirring bottle containing micro-carriers suspending in the growth medium than that of harvested in roller bottle (p&amp;lt;0.05). It is concluded that the infectivity titer of the virus is directly proportional to number of BHK-21 cells in the culture system.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
      <keywords><keyword>Anchorage dependant BHK-21 cells, roller bottles, infectivity titer, FMD virus</keyword></keywords>
      <publisher>Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum</publisher>
      <urls><related-urls><url>https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2013-JAPS-315</url></related-urls></urls>
    </record>
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