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      <ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type>
      <contributors>
        <authors>
          <author>M. Rafeeq</author>
          <author>T. N. Pasha</author>
          <author>N. Rashid</author>
          <author>B. Hilal</author>
          <author>I. Shahzad</author>
        </authors>
      </contributors>
      <titles>
        <title>EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF METHIONINE, BETAINE AND CHOLINE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN IN EARLY LIFE FED METHIONINE DEFICIENT RATION</title>
        <secondary-title>Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences</secondary-title>
        <alt-title>JAPS</alt-title>
      </titles>
      <dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>2011/08/01</date></pub-dates></dates>
      <volume>21</volume>
      <number>4</number>
      <pages>778-780</pages>
      <isbn>1018-7081</isbn>
      <electronic-resource-num>NA</electronic-resource-num>
      <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The experiment was designed and conducted to evaluate the effect of methionine, betaine and choline in the broiler chicks given low methionine starter ration. Day old broiler chicks (n=250), were randomly divided into five treatment groups (n=5) with five replicates of ten chicks. A low methionine (LM) starter ration was formulated and the treatment groups were (A) LM supplemented with methionine @ 0.14%, (B) LM, (C) LM supplemented with choline @ 0.17%, (D) LM supplemented with betaine @ 0.14% and (E) LM with Betaine @ 0.07% in the starter ration. Choline was added @ 700 mg/kg to treatment groups (A and B). Data of weight gain (WG) and feed intake (FI) were collected from 0-28 days and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Statistical analysis of data revealed significant differences among the treatment groups in FI, WG and FCR (P&amp;lt;0.05). Supplementation of Choline and betaine to treatment groups C, D and E respectively did not show results as per treatment group (A) supplemented with methionine. However, betaine supplementation showed better WG and FCR as compared to treatment B and C (P&amp;lt;0.05); but the inclusion rate of betaine had no significant effect on the performance of broiler chicken (P&amp;gt;0.05).&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
      <keywords><keyword>betaine, broiler, choline, methionine, performance.</keyword></keywords>
      <publisher>Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum</publisher>
      <urls><related-urls><url>https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2011-JAPS-417</url></related-urls></urls>
    </record>
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