[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "OCCURRENCE PATTERNS AND POPULATION DENSITY OF BARKING DEER (MUNTIACUS VAGINALIS) IN THE SOUTHERN SLOPES OF HIMALAYA FOOTHILLS, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Habiba",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Anwar",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Khatoon",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Khan",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Nasir",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2020]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "30",
  "issue": "4",
  "page": "853-859",
  "DOI": "https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2020.4.0100",
  "abstract": "<p>Barking deer is a small-sized cervid mammal and in Pakistan its population are limited to outer Himalayan foothill forests of Punjab Pakistan. They are usually associated with low but dense thorn scrub of&nbsp;<em>Acacia modesta, Olea ferruginea and Zizyphus nummularia.</em> Occupancy modelling was used to assess how environmental factors influence occurrence probabilities. The population parameters of barking deer were examined in Murree, Kotli-Sattian and Kahuta National Parks through direct visual observations and indirect signs of animal from 2015-2017. To estimate population density, distance sampling of the line transect data was employed. Mean population density was 0.27 individuals / km&sup2;. The range of encounter rates in each study site was 0.04 to 0.43 per km of transect. Population density in summer was higher (0.43/km&sup2;) than in winter (0.36/km&sup2;), possibly due to the addition of new-borns in May. The barking deer is basically a solitary animal. This species is endangered in Pakistan and its population are declining. Conservation efforts with focus on protection of disturbance-free habitat for barking deer are recommended in the study area.</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=ZLG-18-0030"
}]