[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "SEROPREVALENCE OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS PROTECTIVE-ANTIGEN IN NINE DISTRICTS OF CENTRAL PUNJAB, PAKISTAN",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Rashid",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Muhammad",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Rabbani",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Shabbir",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Ahmad",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Ali",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Jayarao2",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2020]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "30",
  "issue": "5",
  "page": "1336-1340",
  "DOI": "https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2020.5.0152",
  "abstract": "<p>Anthrax is a deadly and highly contagious, zoonotic disease caused by&nbsp;<em>Bacillus anthracis</em>. It is an acute, febrile disease of warm-blooded animals and humans. This study was conducted to investigate antibodies against anthrax (Protective-antigen) in four species of domestic animals (cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat) in nine districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The serum samples of the animals (n=680) were processed using indirect ELISA to determine antibodies against&nbsp;<em>Bacillus anthracis</em>&nbsp;protective-antigen (PA). The results showed that 23/120 (19.2%) cattle, 37/101 (36.6%) buffaloes, 124/285 (43.5%) goats and 74/174 (42.5%) sheep have protective level of anti-PA antibodies. Overall, seroprevalence of anti-PA antibodies was 37.9 % in 680 animals. Maximum seroprevalence was recorded in Lahore (82.4%) followed by Gujranwala (80.4%), Sahiwal (72.7%), Chakwal (63.6%), Sargodha (54.3%), Faisalabad (15.2%), Sheikhupura (14.1%), DG Khan (5.5%) and Attock (0%), respectively. It was concluded that eight out of nine districts of Punjab had animals positive for antibodies against PA of&nbsp;<em>B. anthracis</em>&nbsp;and all of the four species of domestic animals were seropositive. Continuous monitoring of animals for&nbsp;<em>B. anthracis</em> is highly recommended for keeping the threat under control.</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=VS-19-0094"
}]