[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "MANAGEMENT OF OCHRATOXIGENIC FUNGI BY PHYTOCHEMICALS OF AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS L.",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Naeem",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Iqbal",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2022]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "32",
  "issue": "4",
  "page": "1136-1142",
  "DOI": "http://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2022.4.0518",
  "abstract": "<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Ochratoxigenic fungal species are a major cause of various infections in plants and posed serious threat to their consumers, including humans and animals.&nbsp;</span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The objective of this study was to examine the&nbsp;<em>in vitro</em>&nbsp;efficacy of different concentrations of leaves methanolic extract of&nbsp;<em>Amaranthus viridis</em>&nbsp;L. against target pathogenic ochratoxin producing fungal species (<em>Trichoderma viride</em>&nbsp;Pers.,&nbsp;<em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>&nbsp;Rifai. and&nbsp;<em>Cladosporium cladosporioides</em>(Fresen.) G.A. de Vries). For this purpose, different concentrations viz. 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of leaf methanolic extract was prepared and tested for its antifungal potential in a completely randomized design (CRD). Results revealed that a 10% concentration of&nbsp;<em>A. viridis</em>&nbsp;significantly suppressed the growth of all the tested fungi. The phytochemical analysis of&nbsp;<em>A. viridis</em>&nbsp;depicts the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and coumarins. Bioassay-guided fractionation was executed to check the antifungal activity of various fractions&nbsp;<em>in vitro</em>&nbsp;against the test ochratoxin producing fungi. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antifungal activity among all other fractions. GC-MS (Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) analysis of ethyl acetate fraction revealed the presence of twelve compounds viz. 1,2,3-propanetriol monoacetate;&nbsp;<em>n</em>-decanoic acid; 1-hexadecene; dodecanoic acid; 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl-[R]; tetradecanoic acid, 2-pentadecanone; 6,10,14-trimethyl-; phenol,2- methyl-5-[1-methylethyl]-;&nbsp;<em>n</em>-hxadecanoic acid; 2[4H]-benzofuranone; phytol; 9,12- octadecadienoic acid and heptacosane. The presence of these compounds might be responsible for the antifungal potential of&nbsp;<em>A. viridis&nbsp;</em>and it can be concluded that the methanolic leaf extract of the tested plant proved to be beneficial for inhibiting the growth of test ochratoxigenic fungi.</span></p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=Pharm-20-0011"
}]