[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "EFFECTS OF SYNBIOTIC FROM NONI LEAF EXTRACT SUPPLEMENTATION ON SURVIVAL, GROWTH, AND RESISTANCE TO Vibrio harveyi IN THE WHITELEG SHRIMP, Litopenaeus vannamei",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Phan",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Huynh",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Nguyen",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Tran",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2026]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "36",
  "issue": "5",
  "DOI": "https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2026.5.0104",
  "abstract": "<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.1; margin: 12pt 0in 0in;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">This study assessed the effects of noni leaf and <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Lactobacillus plantarum</em> CMT1 on survival, growth, and resistance to <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Vibrio harveyi </em>of whiteleg shrimp, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei,</em> by improving digestive function and immunity. The experiment was conducted in a recirculating aquaculture system using a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replicates per treatment. One thousand five hundred healthy shrimp were assigned to 5 diet groups for a 60-day feeding period, including a control (commercial feed), diet 1 (commercial feed + 0.5% noni leaf), diet 2 (commercial feed + 1% noni leaf), diet 3 (commercial feed + 0.5% noni leaf + 10<sup>8</sup> CFU kg<sup>-1</sup> of <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">L. plantarum</em> CMT1), and diet 4 (commercial feed + 1% noni leaf + 10<sup>8</sup> CFU kg<sup>-1</sup> of <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">L. plantarum</em> CMT1). One-way ANOVA analysis showed that, compared with the control diet, other diets greatly enhanced growth indices of shrimp, with the highest growth observed in diet 3 (p &le; 0.05). Supplementation with diets 1, 2, 3, and 4 improved the abundance of <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Lactobacillus</em> spp. and decreased <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Vibrio</em> spp. in the shrimp intestine. Shrimp fed diets 1 and 3 showed significantly higher amylase activity than those in the control and in diets 2 and 4. In addition, shrimp fed diet 3 group showed greatly enhanced survival, increasing from 78.7% to 88.3%, and improved immune parameters after <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Vibrio harveyi</em> challenge compared to other experimental diets and the control. In summary, the administration of 0.5% noni leaf and 10<sup>8</sup> CFU kg<sup>-1</sup> of <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">L. plantarum</em> CMT1 increased growth performance, improved digestive function, and immunity system as well as promoted the survival rate against <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">V. harveyi </em>in shrimp. </span></p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2025-JAPS-866"
}]