[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "THE ASSESSMENT OF ANTIBIOTICS USAGE AND DISEASE TRENDS IN COMMERCIAL BROILER FARMS OF POTOHAR REGION IN PAKISTAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR FOOD SAFETY",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Masood",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Duarte",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Akbar",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Abbas",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Badshah",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Shah",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Khan",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2025]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "35",
  "issue": "6",
  "page": "1585-1598",
  "DOI": "https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2025.6.0134",
  "abstract": "<p>Pakistan&rsquo;s agriculture sector contributing 14.63% to the GDP in 2024 is majorly supported by the poultry industry, with a population of more than one billion broiler chickens. This research was conducted, in which data was collected from March 2022 to December 2023 through a structured questionnaire and analyzed by using univariate and multivariate methods, including multiple correspondence analyses (MCA) and cluster dendrogram. This study identified enteritis (38.46%), bronchitis (19.23%) and Newcastle disease (15.38%) as the most prevalent diseases. The antibiotic colistin, which is considered as the last resort antibiotic, was found most frequently used in (76.92%) followed by quinolones (65.38%), amoxicillin (53.84%), macrolides (34.61%), and aminoglycosides (30.76%). The antibiotics sulfonamides (15.38%), tetracyclines (11.53%) and nitrofuranes (3.84%) were found to be used less commonly in farm management practices. These findings highlight an overuse of colistin and other antibiotics, mostly in combination, posing a significant threat to public health for the possible emergence of antimicrobial resistance against this drug. Our findings elucidate the vitality of educational interventions and farming-oriented training in the improvement of management strategies and sustainable farming practices. By addressing the extra-label uses of antibiotics in broiler farms, Pakistan can take major steps towards alleviating the global threat of antibiotic resistance while ensuring food safety and public health.</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2025-JAPS-409"
}]