[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "FERMENTATION QUALITY AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF TOTAL MIXED RATION ENSILED WITH FRESH OLIVE CAKE",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Er",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Ahsan",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Kuter",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Akçay",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Ramay",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Karagöz",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Takka",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2025]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "35",
  "issue": "5",
  "page": "1335-1344",
  "DOI": "https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2025.5.0114",
  "abstract": "<p>This study aimed to investigate the fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, and&nbsp;<em>in vitro</em>&nbsp;digestibility of the total mixed rations (TMR) ensiled with different amounts of fresh olive cake (OC). Three TMRs were ensiled with different OC percentages on DM basis; 0% OC (control); 10% OC (OC10), and 20% OC (OC20). For each group, 27 vacuum bags (silos; 81 bags in total) were prepared. Three bags from each group were opened on d 2, 4, 7, and 14 of ensiling to measure pH, and on d 21 and d 42 to evaluate the pH and aerobic stability. The remaining bags (9 from each group, 27 in total) were opened on d 60 to measure aerobic stability, fermentation quality (pH, organic acids, and NH<sub>3</sub>-N), nutritional compositions, and<em>&nbsp;vitro</em>&nbsp;digestibility. Increasing the OC inclusion in the TMRs increased the ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations whereas, non-fibrous carbohydrates, water soluble carbohydrates, and total phenolic content decreased (<em>P</em>&nbsp;&le; 0.05). The control group had lower pH compared to other groups during the fermentation period (P&le;0.05). No significant differences were seen among the treatments for lactic acid and acetic acid concentrations. However, propionic acid was greater in OC10 group compared to control (P&le;0.05). Dry matter (DM) loss and aerobic stability were not different among the groups. Flieg score was greater in control group in comparison with that of OC20 group (P =0.016). Relative feed value (RFV) was greater in OC20 group than other groups (<em>P</em>&nbsp;&le; 0.001) whereas, control group had lower RFV than OC10 group (<em>P</em>&nbsp;&le; 0.001).&nbsp;<em>In vitro</em>&nbsp;digestibility parameters were lower in OC20 group in comparison with other groups (P&le;0.001). Consequently, the results demonstrated that ensiling of TMR with OC had a good quality fermentation profile and feed value. However,&nbsp;<em>in vitro</em> nutrient digestibility was dramatically reduced when OC was used at 20% in TMR on a DM basis. Therefore, the inclusion of OC up to 10% in ruminant diets seems liable.</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2025-JAPS-31"
}]