[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF Moringa oleifera IN REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE EXPOSED JAPANESE QUAILS",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Rehman",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Farooq",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Baboo",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Khaliq",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2025]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "35",
  "issue": "4",
  "page": "1148-1154",
  "DOI": "https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2025.4.0098",
  "abstract": "<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>This study evaluates the impact of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) exposure on breeding Productivity and the potential mitigating role of&nbsp;<em>Moringa oleifera</em>&nbsp;as an antioxidant agent in Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix japonica</em>). The experimental design followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with 400 day-old Japanese quail, divided into eight treatment groups: NC (negative control), PC (positive control fed with&nbsp;<em>Moringa oleifera</em>), T1 (Cd 25 mg/kg), T2 (Cd 50 mg/kg), T3 (Cd 75 mg/kg), T4 (Cd 25 mg/kg + Moringa), T5 (Cd 50 mg/kg + Moringa), and T6 (Cd 75 mg/kg + Moringa). Production and breeding productivity were assessed through body weight, hen-housed egg production (HHEP), hen-day egg production (HDEP), egg weight, egg mass, fertility, hatchability, and key egg quality parameters from the month of November 2023 to April 2024 at 24<sup>th&nbsp;</sup>week. Results indicated that Cd exposure significantly impaired breeding productivity and egg quality (p &le; 0.01), with the highest Cd level (75 mg/kg) causing the most severe declines. Conversely, groups supplemented with&nbsp;<em>Moringa oleifera&nbsp;</em>demonstrated significant improvements (p &le; 0.01) in body weight, egg production, egg mass, fertility, and hatchability, highlighting Moringa&rsquo;s protective antioxidant effects. ANOVA analysis confirmed significant differences among groups, reinforcing the effectiveness of&nbsp;<em>Moringa oleifera</em> supplementation at 7 g/kg feed in counteracting cadmium toxicity in quail. These findings suggest Moringa as a viable dietary intervention for improving poultry health under heavy metal contamination.</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2024-JAPS-2729"
}]