[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "MAJOR COMPONENT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE EXTRACT OF BITTER LEAF (Vernonia amydalina) AGAINST Vibrio parahaemolyticus",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Le",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Bui",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Le",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Le",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Nguyen",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Nguyen",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Phi",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Tran",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Bui",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Tran",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Doan",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "La",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2025]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "35",
  "issue": "1",
  "page": "58-67",
  "DOI": "https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2025.1.0004",
  "abstract": "<p>It is an undeniable fact that&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about phenolic compounds from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/phenolic-compound\">natural bioactive compounds</a>&nbsp;extracted from diverse plants and herbs have attracted significant public attention and scientific interest due to their health-promoting benefits as&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about antioxidants from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/antioxidant-agent\">antioxidants</a>&nbsp;and antimicrobial agents. In this research, the main phytochemical compositions of&nbsp;<em>V. amygdalina</em>&nbsp;leaves were determined by Gas chromatography&ndash;mass spectometry (GC-MS). There were 18 groups detected from the methanol extract of&nbsp;<em>V. amygdalina</em>&nbsp;leaves, in which, fatty acids were the major component (55.29%), followed by the ketone group at 10.44%. Phenol and terpenoid compounds comprised 6.19% and 5.13% respectively, ranking third and fourth in abundance. The antibacterial properties of the extract from&nbsp;<em>V. amygdalina</em>&nbsp;leaves were evaluated against&nbsp;<em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>&nbsp;which caused Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in Whiteleg shrimp (<em>Liptopenaeus vannamei)</em>. The antibacterial zone diameters of the leaf extract ranged from 9.5 mm to 19.0 mm during 72 hours of the inhibition, corresponding to the concentration of&nbsp;<em>V. amygdalina&nbsp;</em>changed from 200 mg.mL<sup>-1</sup>&nbsp;to 500 mg.mL<sup>-1</sup>. This illustrates the potential application of&nbsp;<em>V. amygdalina</em>&nbsp;leaf extracts as the supply food or used to produce bio-preparations for preventing and controlling the growth of&nbsp;<em>V. parahaemolyticus&nbsp;</em>in shrimp culture industry.</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2024-JAPS-2056"
}]