[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "IMPACT OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HEAVY METAL MIXTURES ON SELECTED BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF FRESHWATER FISH SPECIES",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Naz",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Chatha",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Ullah",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Maqbool",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Khan",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Zubair",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Hussain",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Rehman",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2023]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "33",
  "issue": "6",
  "page": "1374-1383",
  "DOI": "https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2023.6.0677",
  "abstract": "<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">Heavy metal contamination usually causes depletion in feed utilization in fish, and such disturbance may result in reduced metabolic rate and hence causing reduction in their growth.&nbsp;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\">The present study assessed the harmful effect of sub-lethal concentrations of four different heavy metal mixtures i.e., Mix-I (Mn+Ni), Mix-II (Mn+Ni+Pb), Mix-III (Mn+Pb+Zn+Fe), and Mix-IV (Mn+Ni+Pb+Zn+Fe) on five fish species including&nbsp;<em>Labeo rohita</em>,&nbsp;<em>Catla catla,</em><em>Cirrhina mrigala, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</em>, and&nbsp;<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella.&nbsp;</em>The experiment was carried out in triplicate for each species separately in glass aquarium for 12 weeks. The results showed a significant&nbsp;<em>(p &lt; 0.001)</em>&nbsp;effect on the treated group as compared to the control group. The average weight gain was as&nbsp;<em>C. catla</em>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;<em>L. rohita</em>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;<em>C. mrigala</em>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;<em>C. idella</em>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;<em>H. molitrix.</em>&nbsp;The condition factor was as&nbsp;<em>C. idella</em>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;<em>C. mrigala</em>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;<em>L. rohita</em>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;<em>C. catla</em>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;<em>H. molitrix.&nbsp;</em>Similarly, the feed intake also reduced significantly&nbsp;<em>(p&gt;0.001)</em>&nbsp;in the treated group, and the feed conversion efficiency showed significant&nbsp;<em>(p&gt;0.05)&nbsp;</em>effect of metal mixtures on fish metabolism and growth activity. The current study concluded that the studied heavy metals are toxic to different fish species, even at sub-lethal concentrations, and affect different biological parameters of fish growth.</span></p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2023-JAPS-806"
}]