[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "TIME-BASED CHANGES IN ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENTS AND COMPONENTS OF ENGLISH LAVENDER (Lavandula angustifolia MILL.) AFTER FOLIAR APPLICATION OF GIBBERELLIC ACID (GA3)",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "YILDIRIM",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "IZMIRLI",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2023]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "33",
  "issue": "3",
  "page": "708-714",
  "DOI": "https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2023.3.0663",
  "abstract": "<p>Lavender (<em>Lavandula angustifolia</em>&nbsp;Mill. family Lamiaceae) is a perennial and highly drought tolerant plant species. It grows well on calcareous slopes, and produces a fragrant essential oil. The aim of study was to evaluate foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) and delaying harvesting for different durations on essential oil and components of English lavender after foliar treatment with 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg l<sup>-1</sup>&nbsp;gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>). Clevenger apparatus-based water-vapor distillation method was used to determine essential oil and its components by GC-MS. The experiment was established in split plots in randomized complete block design with two factors and 3 replications. The main plots were formed at harvest time and the sub-plots were created by GA<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;applications. Statistical analyzes were made using MSTAT-C package program. When the GA<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;doses and harvest times interaction were evaluated together, the average essential oil yield of the harvested lavender flowers ranged 6.20 to 8.20 % showing the prominent influence of the concentration of GA<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;and delay in harvesting (in hours) on concentrartration of alkaloids. More than 50 components were identified, the most important among these was 1.8-cineole, linalool, camphor, borneol, lavandulol, and terpinene-4-ol. The amount of linalool, which improves the quality of the essential oil ranged 34.49-38.75%. The minimum and the maximum essential oil values were noted from the flowers harvested after 30 hours (control treatments), and 54 hours from 400 mg l-1 GA<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;treated plants in the same order. However, essential oil contents showed a slight decrease at higher GA<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;treatments and prolonging duration of harvest after respective GA<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;treatments. GA<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;treatments enhanced the quantity of essential oil substantially, and the optimal dose was determined as 400 mg l<sup>-1</sup>&nbsp;GA<sub>3</sub> on samples harvested after 54 hours following application. The results further showed that the quantities of essential oil's primary components varied according to harvest time.</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2022-JAPS-66"
}]