[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "BIOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRIC OF DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY (BACTROCERA DORSALIS HENDLE) (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) ON THREE VARIETIES OF MANGO OF SINDH, PAKISTAN",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Amur",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Memon",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Shah",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Ansari",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Solangi",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Mal",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2017]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "27",
  "issue": "5",
  "page": "1711-1718",
  "DOI": "NA",
  "abstract": "<p>A study on the biology and morphometric of different life stages of&nbsp;<em>Bactrocera dorsalis</em>&nbsp;(Hendle) was carried out on three varieties of mango, namely Beganpali, Sindhri and Chunsa in laboratory under controlled conditions 26&plusmn;1ᵒc and 65&plusmn;5%, at the department of Zoology University of Sindh Jamshoro, from June to August 2013. It was observed that the eggs of&nbsp;<em>Bactrocera dorsalis</em>&nbsp;were white, shiny, rice shaped, slightly curved, elongated and tapered at the anterior end; whereas the posterior end is broadly rounded. The average length and width were 0.54&plusmn;0.11mm and 0.19&plusmn;0.08mm, respectively. The first and second instars measured 2.6&plusmn;0.75mm and 0.55&plusmn; 5.88mm in length respectively, and 0.27&plusmn;0.82mm and 2.34&plusmn;0.7mm in width respectively. The 3rd instar was very active, jumping from mango fruits to sand measured 7.69&plusmn;0.72mm in length and 3.58&plusmn;0.25mm in width. The puparia measured 4.47&plusmn;0.64mm in length and 2.69&plusmn;0.16 mm in width. The duration of egg hatching and the larval, pre-pupal and pupal period was 1.61&plusmn;0.51days, and 9.97&plusmn;2.25 days, 2.07&plusmn;0.86 days and 8.52&plusmn;0.88 days respectively. The average pre-oviposition period was 13.55&plusmn;1.33, whereas the oviposition period was 21.46&plusmn;1.42 days. Fecundity varied from 14-15 eggs per day.<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>Sex ratio (<strong>♂: ♀</strong>) was 1:3. When adult fed on different diets such as on mango (natural diet) longevity extended from 20-30 days to males and 25-45 days for females, and when fed on water only 4-5 days male and female 5-8, while when they were fed both on (sugar and water) 13-25 days male and 15-30 days female, but without food the longevity was survived to only for 1-2 days. The longevity of fruit flies on different diets was significantly different (P&lt;0.05). Developmental time duration of life stages of&nbsp;<em>Bactrocera dorsalis&nbsp;</em>was recordedon Chunsa, Sindhri, Beganpali varieties, incubation of egg (1.5&plusmn;0.02 days, 2.3&plusmn;0.16 days, 2.39&plusmn;0.01 days, respectively), Larval developmental period (6.51&plusmn;0.2 days, 7.5&plusmn;0.16 days, 7.4&plusmn;0.16 days, respectively), Pupal period (8.8&plusmn;0.46 days, 8.9&plusmn;0.40 days, 8.5&plusmn;0.16 days, respectively), total life cycle period (16.8&plusmn;0.086 days, 18.72&plusmn;0.72, 18.29&plusmn;0.33 days, respectively), There were no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) between the developmental time of life stages of&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Bactrocera dorsalis</em>&nbsp; on three varieties of mango .</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2017-JAPS-216"
}]