[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "EXPLOITING THE BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES IN COMBINATION WITH CHEMICALS AGAINST GREATER WAX MOTH (GALLERIA MELLONELLA L.)",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Raheel1",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Javed",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Khan",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Ahmed3.",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2017]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "27",
  "issue": "3",
  "page": "877-881",
  "DOI": "N/A",
  "abstract": "<p>Entomopathogenic nematodes as alternatives to chemical pesticides for management of insect pests of various crop is an environmentally safe approach. Compatibility of&nbsp;<em>Steinernema feltiae</em>,&nbsp;<em>S. asiaticum</em>,&nbsp;<em>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>H. indica&nbsp;</em>with seven chemical and biopesticides (imidacloprid (0.60 ml/L), spinosad (0.45 g/L), azadirachtin (1.5 ml/L), abamectin (1.25 ml/L), emamectin (0.20 ml/L), lambda-cyhalothrin (0.15 ml/L) and radiant (1.5 g/L) against&nbsp;<em>Galleria mellonella&nbsp;</em>was evaluated in lab.&nbsp;<em>H. bacteriophora</em>&nbsp;survived best as compared to all other entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) species in all tested chemicals.&nbsp;<em>S. feltiae&nbsp;</em>survival was higher in imidacloprid followed by lambda-cyhalothrin, while abamectin proved to be lethal for&nbsp;<em>S. feltiae</em>. Azadirachtin and lambda-cyhalothrin proved to be compatible with&nbsp;<em>H. bacteriophora&nbsp;</em>as its survival was higher as compared to the rest of chemicals while radiant proved to be less friendly for its survival. Emamectin followed by abamectin were more compatible with&nbsp;<em>S. asiaticum</em>&nbsp;whereas radiant was least compatible. Exposure of&nbsp;<em>H. indica&nbsp;</em>to spinosad and emamectin resulted in greater survival of nematodes while survival was lower when applied with lambda-cyhalothrin and radiant. Survival of&nbsp;<em>S. feltiae&nbsp;</em>and&nbsp;<em>H. bacteriophora</em>&nbsp;was higher when compared to&nbsp;<em>H. indica</em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>S. asiaticum.&nbsp;</em>The infectivity of&nbsp;<em>S. feltiae</em>&nbsp;was the maximum when used with imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin.&nbsp;<em>H. bacteriophora</em>&nbsp;proved to be more compatible with imidacloprid, azadirachtin, emamactin and lambda-cyhalothrin.&nbsp;<em>S. asiaticum</em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>H. indica</em> were compatible with emamectin. Among all tested chemicals, EPN species were sensitive to abamectin. These results showed that EPN species. with better compatibility with evaluated pesticides may be included in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Programs.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2017-JAPS-111"
}]