[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "COMBINED NEMATOCIDAL EFFECT OF NONACOSAN-10-OL AND 23A-HOMOSTIGMAST-5-EN-3Β-OL ON MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA (KOFOID AND WHITE) CHITWOOD",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Naz",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Saifullah",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Hussain",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Palomares-Rius",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Ahmad",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Ali",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Rashid",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Bibi",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2016]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "26",
  "issue": "6",
  "page": "1633-1640",
  "DOI": "NA",
  "abstract": "<p>The synergistic effect of three phytochemicals, nonacosan-10-ol, 23a-homostigmast-5-en-3<em>&beta;</em>-ol and&nbsp;<em>cis</em>- and&nbsp;<em>trans</em>-protopinium were assessed in four combinations and three concentrations (5, 50 and 100 &micro;g ml-1) against&nbsp;<em>Meloidogyne incognita,</em>&nbsp;<em>in vitro</em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>in planta&nbsp;</em>on the tomato cultivar Riogrande. Additionally, an&nbsp;<em>in vitro</em>&nbsp;phytotoxicity test on tomato seedlings was performed with the same phytochemical combinations. A combination of nonacosane-10-ol and 23a-homostigmast-5-en-3<em>&beta;</em>-ol inhibited egg hatching at the highest rate and &nbsp;induced 100.0%&nbsp; mortality of second-stage juvenile (J2) at the concentration of 100 &micro;g ml-1. The egg hatch inhibition and J2 mortality were positively correlated with an increase in the concentrations of phytochemical as well as with the incubation time. All phytochemical mixtures displayed a nematicidal effect against&nbsp;<em>M. incognita</em>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<em>in planta&nbsp;</em>studies. The combine application of nonacosan-10-ol and 23a-homostigmast-5-en-3<em>&beta;</em>-ol resulted in the highest reduction in nematode parameters (viz., galls, gall index, females g-1 of root and eggs g-1 of root) and promoted the greatest increase in the plant parameters (such as shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry shoot weights, and number of flowers plant-1) at the highest concentration of 100 &micro;g ml-1. The phytochemical mixtures did not induce phytotoxic effects on tomato seed germination and seedling growth in&nbsp;<em>in vitro&nbsp;</em>tests. It was concluded from the present study that such phytochemical mixtures offer nematocidal potential in organic vegetable production systems or could be integrated with other management tools as a part of sustainable control strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes.</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2016-JAPS-215"
}]