[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "DISCRIMINATION AND QUANTIFICATION BETWEEN ANNUAL RYEGRASS AND PERENNIAL RYEGRASS SEEDS BY NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Park",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Choi",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Kim",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "So",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Lee",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Lee",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2016]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "26",
  "issue": "5",
  "page": "1278-1283",
  "DOI": "NA",
  "abstract": "<p>Contamination of annual ryegrass with perennial ryegrassby physical seed mixing or gene flow can result in a significant reduction in forage production.Therefore, this study aimed to develop a suitable technique using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for discriminating and quantifying adulteration of annual ryegrass seeds with perennial ryegrass. A partial least squares regression for discriminating analysis using visible and NIR region was developed using a calibration set(n=120), including 60 samples each of pure annual ryegrass seeds and those contaminated with perennial ryegrass at levels ranging from 10 to 990 g/kg. An independent validation set, consisting of 40 pure samples and 39 adulterated samples, was used to validate the calibration model.In all, 105 samples were used to develop the quantitative analysis model; with each sample subsequently spiked (10&ndash;990 g/kg; standard deviation: 294.2 g/kg). A discriminant analysis model developed with mathematic pretreatment 1,4,4,1 in NIR region (1100&ndash;2500 nm) successfully discriminated annual ryegrass adulterated with perennial ryegrass seed. A quantitative model developed with mathematic pretreatment 1,4,4,1 in NIR region (1100&ndash;2500 nm)also accurately predicted the adulteration with a standard error of cross validation of 76.91 g/kg and a ratio of performance deviationof 3.82. These results demonstrate the usefulness of NIRS combined with chemometrics as a rapid method for discrimination and quantification of perennial ryegrass in adulterated annual ryegrass seedsamples.</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2016-JAPS-167"
}]