[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "INFLUENCE OF CRUDE PROTEIN AND ENERGY LEVEL ON FEED INTAKE, RUMINAL AMMONIA NITROGEN, AND METHYLGLYOXAL PRODUCTION IN SWAMP BUFFALOES (BUBALUS BUBALIS)",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Chanthakhouna",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "b",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "a",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Bergc",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Kanga",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "d",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2014]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "24",
  "issue": "6",
  "page": "1716-1723",
  "DOI": "NA",
  "abstract": "<p>The present experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of protein (CP) and energy levels in concentrate supplementation on feed intake, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and methylglyoxal (MG) production in swamp buffaloes (<em>Bubalus bubalis</em>) fed rice straw based diet. Eight Thai - rumen fistulated male swamp buffaloes, about 4 years old with body weight (BW) of 381&plusmn;10 kg, were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in two consecutive 4 &times; 4 Latin square design experiments. Four buffaloes in first square received four different concentrate supplementations containing different CP levels at 92, 124, 181 and 219 g/kg while other four in the second square received different concentrate containing different total digestible nutrient (TDN) levels at 740, 761, 806 and 843 g/kg, respectively. All buffaloes were fed concentrate mixtures at 10 g/kg BW and rice straw was offered<em>&nbsp;ad libitum</em>. Under this investigation, the result revealed that total dry matter feed intake (DMI) increased with the increasing levels of CP (P&lt;0.05) while increasing TDN up to 843 g/kg in concentrate mixture reduced DMI (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, increasing CP and TDN levels in concentrate mixture reduced ruminal pH of buffaloes. However, ruminal temperature was not affected by either CP or TDN levels in concentrate mixture (P&gt;0.05). In addition, ruminal NH3-N concentration and blood urea nitrogen of buffaloes increased with the increasing levels of CP in the concentrate (P&lt;0.05) while there was no effect of TND level in concentrate on NH3-N and BUN of buffaloes in the second square (P&gt;0.05). In addition, rumen MG productions were different among treatments by either CP or TDN levels in concentrate mixture, especially at 6 and 8 hour post morning feeding (P&lt;0.05). The highest ruminal concentration of MG production was found in buffaloes received concentrate mixture containing CP and TDN levels at 124, 181 g/kg CP and 761, 806 g/kg TDN, respectively. The mean values of MG production concentration influenced by CP and TDN levels in concentrate mixtures were in the range of 24.5-28.1 and 3.8-4.5 mg/dl, respectively. Based on the present study, increasing CP and TDN levels in concentrate diet increased feed intake while ruminal pH was reduced. NH3-N and BUN concentration were increased by CP levels. Levels of CP and TDN between 124-181 g/kg CP and 761-806 g/kg TDN, respectively, in the concentrate mixture showed the highest ruminal MG concentration in swamp buffaloes fed on rice straw.</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2014-JAPS-246"
}]