[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TISSUE TROPISM AND DISSEMINATION OF H9N2 AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS AND ORNITHOBACTERIUM RHINOTRACHEALE CO-INFECTION IN SPF CHICKENS",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Azizpour",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Goudarzi",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Charkhkar",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Momayez",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Hablolvarid",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2014]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "24",
  "issue": "6",
  "page": "1655-1662",
  "DOI": "NA",
  "abstract": "<p>Forty-two, one<span dir=\"rtl\">&nbsp;</span><span dir=\"rtl\">-</span>day<span dir=\"rtl\">&nbsp;</span><span dir=\"rtl\">-</span>old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were randomly divided into two groups.&nbsp; On 21st day of study, experimental group was infected intraocularly with 1&times;106 EID50 of H9N2 and intratracheally with 1<span dir=\"rtl\">&nbsp;</span><span dir=\"rtl\">&times;</span><span dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;</span>1010 CFU of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT). Control group was inoculated with sterile PBS intraocularly. The samples from various tissues were collected on<strong>&nbsp;</strong>days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16<strong>&nbsp;</strong>post-inoculation (PI). Experimental group chickens exhibited more severe respiratory signs, depression, anorexia and 15% mortality. The ORT was isolated in the trachea from days 2&ndash;4 PI and in the lungs on day 4 PI. The H9N2 virus was detected in the lungs and trachea from days 2&ndash;4 PI. The virus was also detected in the bursa of fabricius on days 2 and 6 PI and in thymus and liver on day 2 PI. The virus was found only on day 8 PI in kidneys. The virus detection from organs was reduced with increasing antibody titer on day 8 PI. The results of this study indicates that concurrent infection with H9N2 virus and ORT can exacerbate virulence and lesions of H9N2.</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2014-JAPS-237"
}]