[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "BIODIVERSITYAND DYNAMICS OF MACRO-INVERTBRATE POPULATIONS IN WHEAT-WEEDS AGRO-ECOSYSTEM OF PUNJAB (PAKISTAN)",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Abbas",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Rana",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Mahmood-ul-Hassan",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Rana",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Kausar",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Iqbal",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2014]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "24",
  "issue": "4",
  "page": "1146-1156",
  "DOI": "NA",
  "abstract": "<p>This study documented diversity and dynamics of foliage macro-invertebrates sampled from edges and centers of wheat- weeds agro-ecosystem of district Faisalabad (30&deg; 31.5 N and 73&deg; 74 E; 184.41 m l). A total of 4,228 foliage of macro-invertebrates belonging to phylum Arthropoda (92.41%) and Mollusca (7.59%) were recorded. Diptera (27.65%), Hemiptera (27.58%), Coleoptera (18.21%) and Hymenoptera (7.36%) were dominant while Orthoptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera and Araneae collectively formed (11.62%) arthropods. Mollusca constituted only of pulmonate gastropods (7.59%). The overall diversity was (H&prime; = 3.36), that varied seasonally at statistically significantly level. Maximum diversity was recorded in autumn (H&prime; = 3.57), that was followed by spring (H&prime; = 3.23) and winter (H&prime; = 3.09). In contrary to the general findings, Diversity of macro-invertebrate populations in the center (Hˈ= 3.363) was significantly higher than the edges (Hˈ= 3.299) of the fields (<em>p&nbsp;</em>= &lt;0.001).Moreover the richness (S= 58), diversity (H&acute;= 3.23) and evenness (E= 0.79) was recorded higher on wheatcompared to the richness (S= 61), diversity (H&acute;= 3.16) and evenness (E = 0.77) on weeds in wheat-weeds agro-ecosystem.</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2014-JAPS-165"
}]