[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "HABITAT UTILIZATION OF HIMALAYAN MUSK DEER (M OSCHUS CHRYSOGASTER) IN THE MUSK DEER NATIONAL PARK GURAIZ, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Qureshi",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Anwar",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Hussain",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Beg",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2013]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "23",
  "issue": "5",
  "page": "1366-1369",
  "DOI": "NA",
  "abstract": "<p>In Pakistan, Himalayan musk deer (<em>Moschus chrysogaster</em>) inhabits sub-alpine scrub, and mixed coniferous forest usually between 2785m and 4000m. We took 42 sample plots of size 10&times;10m for trees, 41 sample plots of 4&times;4m for shrubs and 42 of 1&times;1m for herb/grass layer to study the&nbsp; priority habitat of musk deer at different aspects between 2785m-3420m elevation. Of total vegetation , trees, shrubs, and herbs/grasses contributed 40.47%, 17.35%, and 42.17% of relative frequency, respectively. Among trees,&nbsp;<em>Betula utilis&nbsp;</em>(IVI=53.29),&nbsp;<em>Abies pindrow&nbsp;</em>(IVI=49.63),&nbsp;<em>Picea smithiana</em>&nbsp;(IVI=33.61) and&nbsp;<em>Taxus wallichiana</em>&nbsp;(IVI=8.60) were dominant in the musk deer habitat. Major shrubs included&nbsp;<em>Betula utilis</em>,&nbsp;<em>Viburnum grandiflorum</em>,&nbsp;<em>Rosa moschata, Rosa macrophylla</em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>Lonicera spp.</em>&nbsp;Herb/grass layer was dominated by&nbsp;<em>Poa annua</em>&nbsp;followed by&nbsp;<em>Polygonum amplexicaule</em>,<em>&nbsp;Sambucus wightiana</em>&nbsp;<em>Viola&nbsp;</em>spp.,<em>&nbsp;Ajuga parviflora</em>,&nbsp;<em>Saxifraga ciliata</em>&nbsp;and<em>Podophyllum</em>&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;emodi</em>. The animal showed association with&nbsp;<em>Betula utilis, Abies pindrow,&nbsp; Picea smithiana</em>&nbsp;and<em>&nbsp;Taxus baccata&nbsp;</em>along with the shrubs of&nbsp;<em>Skimmia laureola</em>, and&nbsp;<em>Rosa moschata.</em>&nbsp;Musk deer is listed as Endangered in Pakistan.&nbsp; Major threats to the population of Himalayan musk deer are habitat degradation due to deforestation and illicit livestock grazing along with illegal hunting for musk pod collection.</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2013-JAPS-524"
}]